J. Gerald Kennedy and Leland S. Person (eds),<i>The American Novel to 1870</i>.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
DURING the 1930s and 1940s—the Golden Age of Literary Scholarship—literary history was the crowning endeavour of the discipline. New Criticism subsequently cast a pall over the study of literature that has lingered for decades. The past few years have seen a new interest in literary history, however. This renaissance has not been driven by the academic community, which remains spellbound by critical theory. Rather, it has been motivated by a few keen editors at a few major university presses, who have recognized the importance of literary history and are doing what they can to perpetuate it. Traditionally, major literary histories have been organized by nation. The Oxford History of the Novel in English , a projected twelve-volume set, is organized by language instead of nationality. The organization makes good sense, allowing volume editors to cover not only British and American novels, but also novels in English from Africa, Asia, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the South Pacific. The American Novel to 1870 , edited by J. Gerald Kennedy and Leland S. Person, forms the fifth volume. Organized in a roughly chronological manner, the volume is divided into seven parts, all containing from four to eight chapters each. In Chapter 1, ‘Before the American Novel’, for example, Betsy Erkkila discusses colonial American prose preceding the novel’s emergence: autobiographies, histories, travels. Predictably, she devotes the fullest attention to Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano. She avoids discussing early American verse as a precursor to the novel: a possible error. After all, the quest for an American epic poem embodied the same creative impulse as the great American novel, that is, to write a work commensurate with the greatness of the nation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".