Germination and establishment of natural red spruce (<i>Picea rubens</i>) seedlings in silvicultural gaps of different sizes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) is difficult to regenerate from natural seeding following silvicultural treatment. In order to study its germination and establishment, we monitored the dynamics of new seedlings over 10 years in silvicultural gaps of different sizes (small: < 100 m2, medium: 100–300 m2, large: > 700 m2). Seedling density was higher in small gaps but survival rate did not exceed 40%, leaving few live seedlings after 10 years (< 200 ha-1). Mounds were the best microtopography for seedlings. Our results confirm the important role of decaying wood and moss for understory germination and establishment. Decaying wood was important for the establishment in large gaps while humus was more favourable in medium gaps. In small gaps, germinants and established seedlings were found as much on moss as humus and decaying wood. However, low observed densities suggest that planting in small or medium gaps should be explored for accelerating species renewal, especially if advance regeneration is deficient.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".