Bibliographic record
Abstract
Current geologic and climatic conditions need to be considered when choosing an appropriate site for a Deep Geologic Repository (DGR). However, given the million-year timeframe for the radioactivity of the used fuel to reduce to that of its natural uranium content and the record of repeated glacial cycles in the Northern hemisphere over the past million years, the impact of glaciation on the DGR also needs to be considered. Simplifying assumptions are often made in such paleo-climate modelling analyses involving permafrost and glaciation and include the assumptions that fluid flow is isothermal and fully-saturated and the phreatic surface in the permafrost is within metres of the topographic surface. Those assumptions were examined using a modelling approach that included thermal transport and flow conditions with an alternate conceptualization of the water table boundary conditions to develop a more detailed representation of the impact and glacial and periglacial conditions on the groundwater flow system. Two computational models, FRAC3DVS-OPG and COMSOL Multiphysics, were used to carry out those investigations. The numerical models of the Greenland Analogue Project (GAP) study site that investigated groundwater flow and permafrost near the edge of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) and a proposed DGR site in Southern Ontario were used to examine the impact of permafrost on the water table for fully-saturated and variably-saturated flow conditions. Those analyses demonstrated that with the presence of permafrost, the use of a prescribed head boundary condition did not allow drainage that may occur when the recharge to permafrost is set to zero. Permafrost will not allow enough recharge to maintain fully-saturated conditions, and the system will drain beneath it.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".