Healthcare costs in chronically ill community-living older adults are dependent on mental disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The economic impact on society associated with the healthcare of older adults depends on their health status. The aim was to estimate the excess costs associated with co-morbid mental and physical disorders. METHODS: Data were from a health survey of 2004 older adults. Two-year healthcare costs were identified from administrative databases. Generalized linear models were used to study healthcare costs as a function of co-morbid mental disorders (MDs) and heart disease (HD), arthritis, diabetes, cancer, respiratory disease (RD) and cerebral vascular accident (CVA). RESULTS: Participants with HD and CVA with MD incurred higher costs reaching $1696 (95% confidence interval (CI): $30, $3422) and $14 772 (95% CI: $1909, $31 454) than those without MD. RD and MD incurred higher costs reaching $5343 (95% CI: $343, $10 343) than those without RD. The excess annual adjusted healthcare costs associated with co-morbid MD and physical disorders reach close to $600 M per 1 000 000 population of older adults. CONCLUSION: The presence of MDs with HD, CVA and RDs has a synergistic effect on healthcare costs. These findings underline the need for improved primary care for the prevention and treatment of co-mental and physical disorders that can potentially save hundreds of millions to society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".