Study of vertical segregation, seasonal separation and size differences as mechanisms for the coexistence of Diaptomus minutus, D. oregonensis, and D. sanguineus (Calanoida: Copepoda)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three species of Diaptomus (D. minutus. D. oregonensis and D. sanguineus, in order of increasing size) occur in Clarke Lake, Ontario. The following mechanisms have been suggested in the literature to explain the occurrence of congeneric Diaptomus species; vertical segregation, seasonal separation and size differences. In Clarke Lake D. minutus was found in the upper five metres, separated from D. sanguineus which occurred below the six metre level. A distinct size difference with no overlap was observed between D. minutus and D. sanguineus. D. minutus was also distinctly different from D. oregonensis in size. The seasonal maxima of these two species were distinct, that of D. minutus was in the spring, and of D. oregonensis in the summer months. D. oregonensis was separated seasonally from D. sanguineus. The latter species had a seasonal maximum in the spring. D. oregonensis was found above five metres and so was segregated vertically from D, sanguineus. A combination of two mechanisms seems to enable the coexistence of each of the three Diaptomus species-pairs in Clarke Lake. It is suggested that in general two or more mechanisms must be operative for the co-occurrence of Diaptomus species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".