Viscoelasticity of Articular Cartilage and Ligament: Constitutive Modeling and Experiments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Articular cartilage and ligament are soft fibrous connective tissues with apparent viscoelastic behavior. An anisotropic visco-hyperelastic constitutive model for these tissues has been proposed in this study based on the short-term and long-term internal variables. The constitutive model was particularized for both tissues, numerically implemented into the finite element software package ABAQUS and the material parameters were identified using the available experimental data. The constitutive model was able to capture both the short-term and long-term time-dependent response of these tissues with less difficulty in material characterization process. Due to the lack of the desired tensile experimental results on articular cartilage, the mechanical behavior of this tissue was also examined experimentally. The tensile stiffness of articular cartilage was found to be rate-dependent. It has been shown by numerical simulations that the strain-rate dependent tensile stiffness of collagen fibers can also contribute to the highly rate-dependent compressive response of articular cartilage, besides the fluid-driven viscoelasticity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".