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Strain-Dependent Creep Behavior of Athabasca Oil Sand in Triaxial Compression

2016· article· en· W2310898398 on OpenAlex
Zhechao Wang, R.C.K. Wong

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Geomechanics · 2016
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicGeotechnical Engineering and Analysis
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Calgary
FundersUniversity of Calgary
KeywordsCreepGeotechnical engineeringMaterials scienceSofteningOil sandsHardening (computing)Strain hardening exponentGeologyComposite material

Abstract

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Oil sand is a dense granular material with interlocking fabric. As a strain-softening material, oil sand exhibits a more complex creep behavior than that of strain-hardening geomaterials. The creep behavior of oil sand could be excessive and detrimental to surface and subsurface facilities in the long term. This paper describes a study on creep behavior of oil sands. A series of triaxial compression creep tests were performed on oil sand to investigate its creep behavior at different stress and strain levels. The creep behavior of oil sand is dependent not only on both time and stress but also on initial inelastic strain, and it is influenced by the growth of shear bands. A strain-dependent creep model was proposed to describe the prepeak creep behavior of the oil sand. With this model, the dependence of creep rate of oil sands on time, stress, and strain is taken into consideration properly. It was argued that the change in the microstructure of oil sand could be uniquely represented by the inelastic strain of oil sand. Therefore, the potential for plastic flow could be used in modeling oil sand creep. Finally, the general creep rate–stress–inelastic strain relations of strain-hardening and strain-softening soils were developed according to the critical state theory of soil and the inelastic strain-dependent creep rate of soils.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.274
Threshold uncertainty score0.291

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.231
Teacher spread0.222 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it