Changes of the Abdomen in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis Kyphosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Study Design. A retrospective clinical study. Objective. To investigate changes of the abdomen in patients with ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis. Summary of Background Data. Since 1945, many authors had reported the good clinical and radiographical outcomes and higher patient satisfaction rates of spinal osteotomy techniques. However, to our knowledge, whether the visceral and diaphragmatic compression that results from the inferior edge of the thoracic cage is relieved by the surgery has not yet been reported. Materials and Methods. From July 2010 to July 2013, 26 patients (24 males, and 2 females) with severe ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis, who underwent pedicle subtraction osteotomy in the Department of Orthopaedics at Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital were studied. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic scan, 3-dimensional reconstruction, and preoperative pulmonary function test were performed. Via those tests, the minimum distance on the median sagittal plane of the abdomen (MD), the acreage of the abdominal median sagittal plane (AMSPA), the diaphragm angle on median sagittal plane can be gained. A paired sample t test was performed to determine the differences between the preoperative and postoperative AMSPA and MD and diaphragm angle on median sagittal plane, respectively. Postoperative MD/preoperative MD and postoperative AMSPA/preoperative AMSPA and global kyphosis were also analyzed by performing independent sample t test for the 2 groups. Results. The diaphragm angle on median sagittal plane has changed significantly in all the patients. There was significant change of both MD and AMSPA in patients whose abdominal wall was folded into abdomen, whereas neither MD nor AMSPA in patients without the factor. Conclusion. To a certain degree, the diaphragmatic compression and the visceral compression could be compensated for by turning to flattening or even developing into kyphosis of the lumbar lordosis before surgery, which could be corrected by a spinal osteotomy. Sagittal rotation of diaphragm in ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis could also be improved by a spinal osteotomy. Level of Evidence: 4 This study aims to investigate some changes of the abdomen in patients with ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis. The visceral compression exists in patients with ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis. To a certain degree, the diaphragmatic compression and the visceral compression could be compensated for by turning to flattening or even developing into kyphosis of the lumbar lordosis before surgery, which could be corrected by a spinal osteotomy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".