The Effect of Exercise Training and Soy-isoflavone Supplementation on Menopausal Symptoms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exercise training and soy isoflavone (phytoestrogen) supplementation may each have small effects for alleviating menopausal symptoms. PURPOSE: To assess the effects of a relatively long duration of exercise training combined with soy isoflavone supplementation (2 years) on menopausal symptoms. METHODS: 191 postmenopausal women (age 56 SD 6 y) who reported having hot flushes/night sweats, insomnia, numbness in the limbs, fatigue, or headaches two or more times per week were randomized to: 1) Exercise (strength training twice a week and walking four times per week); 2) Isoflavone supplementation (157 mg/d); 3) Exercise + isoflavone supplementation; or 4) Placebo for two years. The frequency (times per week), duration (minutes), and severity (0 = no symptoms, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe) of each of hot flushes/night sweats, insomnia, numbness in the limbs, fatigue, and headache were assessed by a menopausal symptoms questionnaire (St. Germain et al. 2001) before and after the interventions. Data for each symptom were analyzed by multivariate analyses of variance, with exercise group, isoflavone supplementation, and time as factors, followed by univariate tests if multivariate analysis was significant. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses indicated a significant exercise by time interaction for insomnia (p=0.05) and a significant isoflavone by time interaction for headaches (p<0.05). Univariate tests indicated that exercise groups decreased insomnia duration (exercise: 64 SD 49 minutes at baseline vs. 51 SD 49 minutes at 2 years) compared to non-exercise groups (64 SD 50 minutes at baseline vs. 69 SD 49 minutes at 2 years) (p<0.05), and isoflavone groups decreased headache intensity (1.6 SD 0.7 at baseline vs. 0.9 SD 0.7 at 2 years) and duration (114 SD 362 minutes at baseline vs. 79 SD 323 minutes at 2 years) compared to non-isoflavone groups (intensity of 1.8 SD 0.7 at baseline vs. 1.6 SD 0.7 at 2 years, and duration of 251 SD 361 minutes at baseline vs. 298 SD 323 minutes at 2 years) (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Exercise training reduced insomnia duration and isoflavone supplementation reduced headache intensity and duration in postmenopausal women. Neither exercise training nor isoflavone supplementation affected hot flushes/night sweats, limb numbness, or fatigue. Supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".