Bibliographic record
Abstract
On Saturday, March 13, 2004, a competition called The Bernoulli Trials was held at the University of Waterloo for the nth time, where n = 8. A total of 55 undergraduate students participated, all sharing insatiable appetites for mathematical problems and freshly baked croissants. The Bernoulli Trials consists of a number of rounds, each of which involves contes tants having to decide whether a mathematical statement is TRUE or FALSE, without the aid of a calculator. Rounds usually last 10 minutes, unless the organizers feel partic ularly malicious or hungry, in which case the round may be shortened (for example to 2 or 5 minutes). At the end of the round, students submit only their decision of TRUE or FALSE, obtained by some combination of skill, intuition and chance. Contestants can continue until they have made two mistakes, whereupon they are eliminated. The competition continues until one contestant is left standing and is declared champion. The 2004 competition lasted a total of 14 rounds, and produced quite an exciting finish. After 8 rounds, only six contestants remained standing, each of whom had an swered one problem incorrectly. So it was sudden death! In round 9, Iouri Khramtsov and Marcin Mika succumbed to sigma-itis and were eliminated. Round 10 saw the elimination of Yuli Ye, leaving only Raymond Chiu, Ralph Furmaniak, and Feng Tian, all of whom then answered correctly in round 11. As round 12 closed, Ralph hastily changed his answer, leaving all three remaining contestants with an incorrect answer. After much deliberation and consultation of the BT Rule Book, the organizers determined that they could not eliminate all three re maining contestants and thus keep the prizes for themselves, so Raymond, Ralph, and Feng continued on. Ralph redeemed himself in round 13 by being the only contestant to answer cor rectly, and so was declared champion. In March 2004, Ralph Furmaniak (from Lon don, ON) was a first-year student and a verter?n of the IMO. It would later be known that Ralph was a Putnam Fellow in the 2003 Putnam Competition. Round 14 was a two-minute tie-breaker for second place, which saw Raymond Chiu prevail as second place finisher, leaving Feng Tian in third place. (Our top-secret proof-reader did assure us that he managed to differentiate the given function 45 times in 1 minute 38 seconds, so 2 minutes seemed a reasonable length of time.) Thankfully,
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.128 | 0.031 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".