Numerical study of dispersion and hydrodynamic connectivity of near-surface waters in Lake Huron
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A nested-grid hydrodynamic modeling system is used to examine the circulation and dispersion in Lake Huron and adjacent areas with specific attention to physical parameters pertinent to the estimation of hydrodynamic connectivity of near-surface waters. The nested system is forced by monthly mean surface heat flux and 12-hourly wind stress computed from wind speeds extracted from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) 40-year reanalysis data. The three-dimensional model currents are used to calculate the retention and dispersion of conservative, near-surface particles carried by the currents. The near-surface dispersion is relatively low in Saginaw Bay, eastern Georgian Bay and the eastern North Channel; and relatively high over the western part of the main lake and the coastal region of south Lake Huron. The hydrodynamic connectivity in the surface water and connectivity matrices are calculated from particle movements carried passively by model currents superposed by a random walk process. The model results demonstrate that the hydrodynamic connectivity in the North Channel and Georgian Bay (ranging from 0.9 to 2.2%) is much weaker than those in the main lake (5.3 to 21.9%).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".