Lactating mice (<i>Mus musculus</i>) exhibit compensatory flexibility in gut morphology in response to reduced dietary protein
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Protein affects key life-history traits, and deficiencies in this nutrient may have selected for the ability to invoke physiological or morphological mechanisms to aid nutrient assimilation. I examined the effect of dietary protein on gut characters in lactating mice (Mus musculus L., 1758) and predicted that mice, to improve assimilation efficiency, would increase the mass of the stomach and small intestine and (or) increase food retention in these organs. Mice were maintained on isocaloric diets differing in protein and carbohydrate content (P:C) during the reproductive period. The hypothesis that food would be preferentially retained was not supported. However, both the stomach and the small intestine responded to low P:C with increased mass, and the small intestine exhibited increased diameter. This study demonstrates that mammalian gut morphology of lactating mice can respond to nutrient availability under conditions of constant energy intake. Further study is needed to determine if gut flexibility in response to decreasing P:C levels results in improved nitrogen assimilation efficiency and if this response is a general strategy of mammals or is limited to those with particular breeding strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".