Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn: Physiology, Hemodynamic Assessment and Novel Therapies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) remains a serious disorder with significant mortality and long term morbidity. Inhaled nitric oxide is the only approved vasodilator therapy in neonates, but 40% of infants are non-responders. Recent biological evidence has enhanced our understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in cardiopulmonary transition at birth, paving the way for potential alternate therapies as published in recent reviews. Optimal clinical care of infants with PPHN necessitates a comprehensive understanding and evaluation of cardiopulmonary hemodynamics. Targeted neonatal echocardiography (TnECHO) is increasingly being implemented to guide clinical decision making. The purpose of this review is to outline the role of TnECHO in better defining the cardiopulmonary physiology in PPHN and its application in clinical practice. In addition we briefly review the physiology, pathogenesis and novel therapeutic agents currently under investigation for management of PPHN. Keywords: Cardiovascular physiology, hemodynamics, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, targeted neonatal echocardiography, vasodilator
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".