Social Networks and Mental Health among the Old-Old Living in Metropolitan Areas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined the effects of social networks on mental health among the old-old living in metropolitan areas. Data were obtained from a survey of 618 community dwellers aged 75 and over living in the Sumida ward in Tokyo. Mental health was measured by distress (Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form; GDS-SF) and life satisfaction.The findings are as follows : 1. Having a spouse was associated with lower levels of distress and higher levels of life satisfaction for men, but not for women.2. Presence of children was associated with lower levels of distress and higher levels of life satisfaction for women, but not for men.3. Greater numbers of local friends increased life satisfaction for men, and greater numbers of middle-distance or distant kin decreased distress and increased life satisfaction for women. The results suggested that embeddedness in traditional local kin networks was not necessarily associated with better mental health.4. Greater level of participation in local community groups decreased distress and increased life satisfaction for women. The results suggested that local community groups were effective resources to adjust to stressful situations in old-old age.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".