Dynamic Interactions between Matrix and Fracture during Miscible Gravity Drainage in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Miscible gas or solvent injection has received increasing attention in recent years as an efficient method for improving oil recovery from naturally fractured reservoirs. Because of the large permeability difference between fracture and matrix, the success of this method depends to a large extent on the degree of enhancement of the mass-exchange rate between the solvent flowing through the fracture and the oil residing in the matrix. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the mass-transfer rate between the fracture and the matrix when a solvent is injected through the fracture system. The effects of injection rate, fracture aperture, water saturation, matrix wettability, and fluid properties on the recovery behavior were examined. The interaction between the matrix and fracture was visualized for solvent injection by means of computed tomography (CT) scanning, which can be used to validate theories of enhanced transfer in fractured media. The results obtained with a simulation model, which takes diffusive, gravitational, and convective forces into account, showed good agreement with the experimental results within an acceptable range of accuracy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".