AI-02 * HYPOXIA AS A MEASURE OF FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF GLIOBLASTOMA VASCULATURE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Glioblastoma (GBMs) exhibit distinct histopathological features including microvascular hyperplasia and heterogenous hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment. Newly formed vessels are often leaky/dysfunctional with intravascular thrombosis and potentially contribute to the hypoxic/necrotic foci seen throughout GBMs. By analyzing orthotopic xenograft models of GBM, we have established the correlation between tumor blood vessel and oxygen diffusion gradient. Additionally, we have established the effect of anti-angiogenic therapies (AATx) such as VEGF-Trap on this correlation. METHOD: Patient derived GSCs and established GBM cell line (U87) with or without VEGF-Trap were injected orthotopically in forebrains of NOD/SCID mice. Following 3-4 weeks of cell implantation, the mice were sacrificed and brains were harvested and imbedded in paraffin blocks. The sections were then stained for CD31 (endothelial marker) and CAIX (hypoxia marker). Images were scanned and quantified; using ImageJ (http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/), measurements include distance from tumor blood vessels to nearest hypoxic foci, total percent hypoxia, and cell proliferation. RESULTS: In literature it has been shown that any functional micro-vessel in normal tissue allows oxygen diffusion up to 100 µm radius. Using this as a guideline, we have defined the functional state of microvessels in our orthoptic tumor. We found that approximately 13% of the tumor blood vessels were dysfunctional, as their distance from immediate hypoxic cells was less than 20 µm. Upon treatment with AATx, we observed significant decrease in numbers of functional tumor blood vessels and cell prolliferation with concomitant increase in hypoxic areas within the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: AATx results in a significant decrease in the number of functional blood vessels - as measured by their proximity to the nearest hypoxic cells - and cell proliferation. We have provided a quantitative measure - distinct histopathological features including hypoxic and necrotic foci, microvascular hyperplasia and increased cell proliferation - for what was previously describe in qualitive terms in literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".