Ferroelectric and magnetic characteristics of Sm-modified BiFeO<sub>3</sub> multiferroics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Samarium-modified BiFeO 3 (i.e., Bi 1– x Sm x FeO 3 (BSFO); x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2) ceramics were synthesized using a solid-state reaction method. Preliminary X-ray structural analysis shows that BSFO polycrystalline compounds have rhombohedral crystal structure. These samples showed dispersion in permittivity (ε r ) and dielectric loss (tanδ) at lower frequencies. The scanning electron micrographs of the compounds showed (i) the uniform distribution of grains on the samples’ surface with high density and (ii) reduction of grain size on Sm-substitution at the Bi site of BiFeO 3 . The materials exhibit temperature dependence of dielectric relaxation phenomena. Study of temperature dependence of dc conductivity of the materials follows Arrhenius behavior. The ac conductivity of BSFO obeys Jonscher’s universal power law. Studies of impedance and its related parameters of the materials exhibit a strong correlation between its microstructure (i.e., bulk, grain boundary, etc.), electrical and magnetic parameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".