Integrin-Linked Kinase Deletion in the Developing Lens Leads to Capsule Rupture, Impaired Fiber Migration and Non-Apoptotic Epithelial Cell Death
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The lens is a powerful model system to study integrin-mediated cell-matrix interaction in an in vivo context, as it is surrounded by a true basement membrane, the lens capsule. To characterize better the function of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), we examined the phenotypic consequences of its deletion in the developing mouse lens. METHODS: ILK was deleted from the embryonic lens either at the time of placode invagination using the Le-Cre line or after initial lens formation using the Nestin-Cre line. RESULTS: Early deletion of ILK leads to defects in extracellular matrix deposition that result in lens capsule rupture at the lens vesicle stage (E13.5). If ILK was deleted at a later time-point after initial establishment of the lens capsule, rupture was prevented. Instead, ILK deletion resulted in secondary fiber migration defects and, most notably, in cell death of the anterior epithelium (E18.5-P0). Remarkably, dying cells did not stain positively for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) or activated-caspase 3, suggesting that they were dying from a non-apoptotic mechanism. Moreover, cross to a Bax(fl/fl)/Bak⁻/⁻ mouse line that is resistant to most forms of apoptosis failed to promote cell survival in the ILK-deleted lens epithelium. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of numerous membranous vacuoles containing degrading cellular material. CONCLUSIONS. Our study reveals a role for ILK in extracellular matrix organization, fiber migration, and cell survival. Furthermore, to our knowledge we show for the first time that ILK disruption results in non-apoptotic cell death in vivo.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".