Liquefaction of Pinewood in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SCCO<sub>2</sub>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass is a promising process to produce liquid biofuels and valuable chemicals. The main purpose of this work is to efficiently liquefy biomass into energy-dense bio-oils through direct liquefaction. Pinewood sawdust was liquefied in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) at various temperatures (225-375°C) and residence time (0-4 hours) with alkaline catalyst (K2CO3). The results showed that the yield of bio-oils varied from 12 wt% to 29 wt% under various conditions. The optimal parameters for SCCO2 liquefaction were 300°C and 2 hours in this study, which generated the maximum bio-oil yield 29 wt%. The effects of temperature and residence time on SCCO2 liquefaction process were discussed. Multiple analytical methods such as GC-MS, FT-IR and elemental analyzer were applied to study the compositions and properties of liquid bio-oils. Keywords: Bio-oils, Biomass, Liquefaction, Supercritical carbon dioxide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".