The Electronic Structure and Chemical Properties of a Ni/CeO<sub>2</sub>Anode in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: A DFT +<i>U</i>Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using a model for the Ni/ceria anode of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), we have performed a DFT + U study of H 2 and CH 4 activation on the ceria surface and elucidated the mechanisms of charge transfer as a result of ceria reduction. Bader’s Atoms in Molecules (AIM) analysis scheme establishes that deposition of nickel on stoichiometric ceria to form the Ni/ceria anode results in the transfer of electron density from Ni to CeO 2 . The subsequent removal of an oxygen atom from the ceria surface of the Ni/ceria anode in the process of fuel oxidation results in a minor transfer of electron density from ceria to Ni. The modest amount of transferred electron charge following vacancy formation can be explained by the fact that the rather shallow vacancy-induced occupied band in ceria has a lower energy than the top of the Ni valence band. We also show that the removal of an oxygen atom not bonded to Ni is more favorable (by 28 kcal/mol) than extraction of an oxygen, originally bonded to both Ni and Ce at the Ni/CeO 2 interface. This finding would indicate that fuel oxidation should occur predominantly at the ceria surface of the cermet rather than at the Ni/CeO 2 interface. Moreover, our study demonstrates that the energies of activation of the fuel molecules (H 2 and CH 4 ) on the ceria surface of the Ni/CeO 2 cermet are close to the respective values in the case of fuel adsorption on a pure ceria surface. We also show that the reduction of a ceria film on top of the electrolyte (YSZ, yttria-stabilized zirconia), with subsequent migration of an oxygen from the YSZ bulk to ceria, results in accumulation of charge on Ni, accounting for generation of a current in a SOFC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".