Numerical and Experimental Investigation into Dynamic Delamination Propagation of Axially Impacted Laminated Composite Beams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dynamic delamination propagation behavior of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composite laminated beams subject to axial impulse was investigated experimentally and numerically.The impact experiments were performed on horizontal linear bearing impact setup.Carbon fiber/epoxy specimens with different initial delamination length, and position along beam length and through their thickness weretested.An analytical solution was developed by applying the dynamic equilibrium equations to each region of the delaminated beam (including the intact and delaminated parts).The strain energy release rate at the tips of each delamination was calculated based on the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT), through a numerical analysis.The evaluation was performed for every increment of the delamination growth (every time step).Critical impact energy for delamination growth was also evaluated numerically.The numerical analysis results obtained for each specimen group were compared to the experimental results.The comparison showed that the proposed numerical solution provided a good prediction for delamination growth of delaminated beams.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".