Light-Driven Surface Patterning of Supramolecular Polymers with Extremely Low Concentration of Photoactive Molecules
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Light-induced surface patterning in azobenzene-containing polymers and other materials is a widely studied phenomenon with possible applications in fields ranging from photonics to biology. Yet, the fundamental understanding of this purely photodriven mass transport remains inadequate, and existing literature fails to define a threshold chromophore content for mass transport to occur, if such a limit exists. This letter presents a systematic study of the relationship between chromophore concentration and mass transport using hydrogen-bonded polymer-azobenzene complexes, in which the chromophore concentration can be freely adjusted while keeping the polymer backbone unchanged. Essentially, we demonstrate that effective surface patterning can be induced even at an extremely low chromophore content of 1 mol %, when only every tenth polymer chain carries a single azobenzene molecular motor. Importantly, the results highlight the extraordinary photomechanical power of azobenzene and contribute to the fundamental understanding of the light-induced motions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".