Photon Upconversion by Triplet–Triplet Annihilation in Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>- and DPA-Functionalized Polymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two photophysically active polymers, each containing one absorbing Ru(bpy) 3 triplet sensitizing core and multiple 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) triplet energy acceptors, are shown to exhibit noncoherent photon upconversion by triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) in both fluid solution and in thin solid films. An analysis of the kinetics and absorbed power dependencies of the upconverted fluorescence demonstrates that, in fluid solution, TTA is occurring in the low-power, pseudo-first order limit, and that the energy transfer mechanism involves fast, efficient intramolecular triplet energy transfer from the excited Ru(bpy) 3 core to the DPA acceptors in the macromolecule’s pendant arms, followed by intermolecular TTA. Intermolecular triplet energy transfer, diffusion coefficient, and quantum yield measurements using Ru(bpy) 3 and DPA controls suggest that, although a minority of the intermolecular encounters result in TTA in this one absorbing core system, efficient intramolecular TTA could be realized in a polymer with multiple absorbing centers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".