Results of recent VTEM helicopter system development testing over the Spiritwood Valley aquifer, Manitoba
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The most recent VTEM system development is designed to achieve fully calibrated time-domain EM decay for better near-surface mapping than was possible with previous VTEM systems. The new design, known as the "full waveform VTEM system" uses the streamed half-cycle recording of transmitter and receiver waveforms to obtain a complete system response calibration throughout the entire survey flight that helps to precisely eliminate the effect of the data acquisition system response on the recorded signals. The full waveform technology can be added to either the standard VTEM or VTEM early time systems. In addition to improving the system bandwidth and the complete system response calibration, newly developed digital signal processing techniques have been applied that are aimed at reducing the effect of the input transmitter waveform and time-varying injected current using both a parasitic loop capacitance correction and a transmitter drift correction, as well as ideal waveform deconvolution. These implementations have helped improve the accuracy of the measured earth-response particularly in the earliest portions of the off-time EM decay. Results of the full waveform VTEM helicopter system implementation over the Spiritwood Valley aquifer, in southern Manitoba, have shown a significant improvement in quantitative VTEM data at earlier times than previously achieved - as early as 18 µs after the current turn-off. This has resulted in improvements in the model space that include better definition of the near-surface heterogeneity and also a more compact resistive anomaly associated with the buried valley aquifer that is in good agreement with previous seismic and resistivity results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".