Light-Activated Covalent Formation of Gold Nanoparticle–Graphene and Gold Nanoparticle–Glass Composites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monolayer protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with a 3-aryl-3-(trifluoromethyl)diazirine functionality at its terminus (Diaz-AuNPs, 3.9 nm) were prepared and irradiated in the presence of two very different substrates, reduced graphene and glass. Upon irradiation, the terminal diazirine group loses nitrogen to generate a reactive carbene at the interface of the AuNPs that can then undergo addition or insertion reactions with functional groups on the graphene or glass surfaces, leading to the formation of graphene-AuNP and glass-AuNP hybrids, respectively. The AuNP hybrids were characterized using TEM, XRD, XPS, AFM, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Control experiments done in the absence of irradiation demonstrate that carbene activation is required for incorporation of significant AuNP onto the materials. The AuNP hybrids are robust and stable to excessive washing and centrifugation supporting the covalent nature of the interaction between the AuNP and the graphene or silicate glass substrates. Because the formation of the composite is light activated, it lends itself to photopatterning; this application is demonstrated for making the glass-AuNP composites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".