Cadmium toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters cytokinin content and antioxidant enzyme activities in soybean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The short-term effect of exposure (24 to 72 h) to various concentrations of CdCl2 on cytokinin content, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide level, and reduced glutathione content, as well as the activities of representative enzymes of the antioxidant defense system, were investigated in soybean. In addition, the deleterious effects of cadmium poisoning on soybean growth and photosynthetic pigment content were recorded. Exposure to cadmium significantly inhibited growth and severely reduced photosynthetic pigment content. Cadmium treatment was also found to increase lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels, indicating that cadmium can induce an oxidative stress response in leaves. Inhibition of cytokinin fractions (zeatin and zeatine riboside) were also detected in all tested cadmium concentrations, zeatin being most severely affected. We also found that exposure to cadmium increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase and altered glutathione content. This is representative of a cadmium-induced defense mechanism required to cope with elevated oxidative stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".