Synthesis of Hydroxyl-Rich Anatase Nanocrystallites, Their Characterization and Performance as Photoanode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work an environmentally-friendly aqueous solution process was elaborated to produce hydroxyl-rich anatase nanocrystallites of very large surface area. The aqueous-synthesized nanocrystalline anatase material was shown to have favorable physical properties (e.g. 160-280 m2/g specific surface area, 5~8 nm crystallite size, high concentration of OH surface groups) for fabricating photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The fabrication process involved paste preparation, "double-layer" screen printing, annealing and sensitization with the N719 dye [cis - (2,2'- bipyridyl - 4,4'- dicarboxylate)2 (NCS)2 ruthenium(II)]. Photocurrent -voltage measurements of DSSCs based on the aqueous-synthesized titania showed higher photocurrent and conversion efficiency when compared to cells built from commercial benchmark nanotitania materials. The enhanced performance of the aqueous titania-based DSSC is discussed on the basis of extensive characterization work that included XRD, TEM, UV-Vis and Raman/ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".