Application of Real Time Control for CSO and SSO Abatement: Lessons Learned from 6 Years of Operation in Quebec City
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1999, the City of Quebec commissioned a global optimal real-time control system (GO RTC) with rainfall and flow predictive capabilities for its westerly district wastewater system. This GO RTC system served mainly to reduce separate and combined sewer overflows in the St. Lawrence River and in the St. Charles river. The project involved the implementation of five flow regulation sites in order to take full advantage of excess conveyance, treatment, and in-line storage capacity whenever available. This first phase of the project was a world premiere for this level of real-time control. Now, other communities have taken Quebec City's lead and have implemented such real-time control systems, such as Montreal and Louisville, KY. The design and operation of real-time control in Quebec City drew upon six years of operational experience in order to, among others: 1) Meet and exceed the expected performance defined in the RTC studies; 2) Evaluate the behavior and performance of real-time control under various weather and system degradations; 3) Analyze and assess critical elements in the integrated chain of control from the field to the central station; 4) Refine the design of real-time control systems to ensure safety, reliability, adaptability and flexibility; 5) Enhance the central decision support system, the Csoft software; 6) Better integrate operational needs through RTC system implementations; and Modify RTC measurement and control techniques for better results in various hydraulic conditions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".