Stability of X-Bracing Systems with Traditional Bolted Connections
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper deals with the design for stability of steel concentrically X-bracing frames built with HSS bracing members. Traditional slotted-tube connections with bolted shear splices are used for the bracing members. Both single- and double-shear splices are investigated. Full-scale quasi-static cyclic test program showed that instability of the discontinuous braces initiated through bending deformations of the connection plates, prior to overall buckling of the bracing members. Elastic stability analysis is performed to assess the effective buckling length and compressive resistances of the bracing members with double shear connections. Brace resistances are also obtained from an analytical model that accounts for inelasticity effects and geometrical imperfections of the brace connections. Numerical predictions are compared to test results and a numerical example is included to illustrate the method.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it