The Role of Stress Intensifiers in Near-Neutral pH Corrosion Fatigue of Line Pipe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Environmentally assisted cracking of line pipe is considered from the perspective of effective loading, acknowledging the possibility of corrosion fatigue. The mechanical and environmental driving forces responsible for crack initiation and crack growth in near neutral pH soil environments are identified and their interactions are discussed. With ΔK controlling crack growth mechanically at normal pipeline operating conditions, both dissolution and hydrogen are found to be essential environmental components. Stress intensifiers have a pertinent role in the cracking process, as they are associated with the majority of pipeline failures. The importance of stress intensifiers in crack initiation and propagation is explored within the realm of the identified crack growth driving forces. Elastic-plastic finite element studies of growing cracks at the toe of a weld and at the bottom of a pit indicate that the presence of these stress intensifying features enhance the probability of small crack growth by increasing the chances that mechanical thresholds of K and ΔK are satisfied and by increasing the frequency of damaging operating pressure cycles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".