Photon-Impenetrable, Electron-Permeable: The Carbon Nanotube Forest as a Medium for Multiphoton Thermal-Photoemission
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Combining the photoelectric and thermionic mechanisms to generate free electrons has been of great interest since the early days of quantum physics as exemplified by the Fowler-DuBridge theory, and recently proposed for highly efficient solar conversion. We present experimental evidence of this combined effect over the entire range spanning room-temperature photoemission to thermionic emission. Remarkably, the optical stimulus alone is responsible for both heating and photoemission at the same time. Moreover, the current depends on optical intensity quadratically, indicating two-photon photoemission, for intensities of ca. 1-50 W/cm(2), which are orders of magnitude below the intensities required for two-photon photoemission from bulk metals. This surprising behavior appears to be enabled by the internal nanostructure of the carbon nanotube forest, which captures photons effectively, yet allows electrons to escape easily.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".