The Environmental Geochemistry of Arsenic -- An Overview --
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research Article| January 01, 2014 The Environmental Geochemistry of Arsenic — An Overview — Robert J. Bowell; Robert J. Bowell SRK Consulting, Churchill House, Cardiff CF10 2HH, United Kingdom, rbowell@srk.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Charles N. Alpers; Charles N. Alpers U.S. Geological Survey, Placer Hall, 6000 J Street Sacramento, California 95819, U.S.A., cnalpers@usgs.gov Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Heather E. Jamieson; Heather E. Jamieson Department of Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering Miller Hall, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada, jamieson@queensu.ca Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar D. Kirk Nordstrom; D. Kirk Nordstrom U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Suite 127 Boulder, Colorado 80303, U.S.A., dkn@usgs.gov Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Juraj Majzlan Juraj Majzlan Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany, Juraj.Majzlan@uni-jena.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Robert J. Bowell SRK Consulting, Churchill House, Cardiff CF10 2HH, United Kingdom, rbowell@srk.co.uk Charles N. Alpers U.S. Geological Survey, Placer Hall, 6000 J Street Sacramento, California 95819, U.S.A., cnalpers@usgs.gov Heather E. Jamieson Department of Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering Miller Hall, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada, jamieson@queensu.ca D. Kirk Nordstrom U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Suite 127 Boulder, Colorado 80303, U.S.A., dkn@usgs.gov Juraj Majzlan Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany, Juraj.Majzlan@uni-jena.de Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 09 Mar 2017 © 2014 Mineralogical Society of America Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2014) 79 (1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2014.79.1 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Robert J. Bowell, Charles N. Alpers, Heather E. Jamieson, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Juraj Majzlan; The Environmental Geochemistry of Arsenic — An Overview —. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2014;; 79 (1): 1–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2014.79.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyReviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Search Advanced Search Arsenic is one of the most prevalent toxic elements in the environment. The toxicity, mobility, and fate of arsenic in the environment are determined by a complex series of controls dependent on mineralogy, chemical speciation, and biological processes. The element was first described by Theophrastus in 300 B.C. and named arsenikon (also arrhenicon; Caley and Richards 1956) referring to its "potent" nature, although it was originally considered an alternative form of sulfur (Boyle and Jonasson 1973). Arsenikon is believed to be derived from the earlier Persian, zarnik (online etymology dictionary, http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=arsenic). It was not until the... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".