Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Evidence of Redox Transitions Involving Protons in Thin MnO<sub>2</sub>Electrodes in Protic Ionic Liquids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Protic ionic liquids composed of 2-methoxypyridinium and trifluoroacetate were used in their neat, undiluted form as an electrolyte to study the charge storage properties of MnO 2 . Potentiostatic and potentiodynamic methods were used to prepare MnO 2 thin films on indium tin oxide substrates. The film morphology had an effect on the specific capacitance, with the potentiostatic deposition providing the most suitable structure to increase specific capacitance in the ionic liquid. The deposition time and number of cycles were varied to find optimal electrode preparation conditions in protic ionic liquid. A linear dependency of the specific capacitance on the amount of MnO 2 deposited was observed for thin films up to ca. 4 μg·cm –2, which corresponds to a 70 nm thick film. The maximum specific capacitance of these thin films was 397 F·g –1 at 5 mV·s –1 and similar to the values obtained in a Na 2 SO 4 aqueous solution. The pseudocapacitive behavior of MnO 2 thin films in protic ionic liquid was investigated further by in situ UV–visible spectroscopy. While increasing the potential applied to the films, the measurements between 400 and 600 nm revealed an increase of absorbance that is a consequence of the higher absorptivity of Mn(IV) relative to Mn(III). The demonstrated redox transitions occurring in MnO 2 with a protic ionic liquid electrolyte are associated to a proton exchange between the ionic liquid and the active material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".