Agreements and Questions on Water Apportionment in the St. Mary and Milk Rivers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The International Joint Commission (IJC) was established under the Boundary Waters Treat of 1909 to help Canada and the United States prevent and resolve disputes over the use of the waters they share. Article VI of the Boundary Waters Treaty provides that the measurement and apportionment of water from the St. Mary and Milk Rivers be made by Accredited Officers, one from each country, under the direction of the IJC. In 1921, the IJC issued an Order directing how the measurement and apportionment of these waters would take place. In 2003, the IJC received a letter from the State of Montana requesting that the IJC review its 1921 Order. The IJC also received letters from the Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan that were supportive of the existing Order. It held informal public consultation meetings in 2004 to receive further information. The IJC is considering the information it has received to decide how best to proceed on all of the matters that have been raised in light of its responsibilities under the Treaty regarding the St. Mary and Milk Rivers. This paper will describe existing agreements, questions raised to the IJC, and the IJC's actions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.021 | 0.046 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.028 | 0.021 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.019 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.026 | 0.016 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".