Hydrogen therapy may be a novel, safe and effective treatment for infertility patients with varicocele
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrogen gas recently was discovered as a novel therapeutic medical agent in many biomedical fields. It has potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic protective effects on cells and organs. Increasing evidence showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in spermatogenesis dysfunction in patients with varicocele. Varicocelectomy and antioxidant treatment can improve the quality of sperm by reducing the production of ROS. Our hypothesis is that hydrogen therapy may be a novel, safe and effective treatment for male infertility with varicocele. Key words: Hydrogen, therapy, infertility, varicocele. INTRODUCTION Hydrogen constitutes approximately 75% of the universe’s elemental mass (Buchholz et al., 2008). Hydrogen, mainly used in fossil fuel processing, is seldom consider as a therapeutic gas (Shen et al., 2010). However, Oshawa et al. (2007) found that hydrogen gas has antioxidant and ant apoptotic properties that protect the brain against ischemia–reperfusion injury and s troke by selectively neutralizing hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite. Other research also indicated that hydrogen gas can also be effective for myocardial and liver ischemia–reperfusion injury, small intestinal transplantation injury and DM (Buchholz et al., 2008; Sun et al., 2009; Hayashida et al., 2008; Fukuda et al., 2007; Kajiyama et al., 2008). Growing evidence supports that oxidative stress, which is mainly caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays an important role in spermatogenesis dysfunction of patients with varicocele (Shiraishi and Naito, 2005; Smith et al., 1996; Alkan et al.,1997; Barbieri et al., 1999;Hendin et al., 1999; Ko ¨ksal et al., 2000; Koksal et
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".