Viscoelastic Properties of Kefir as Affected by Milk Protein Addition and Starter Culture Type
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of Sodium Caseinates (SCN) and Whey Proteins Concentrates (WPC) addition, as well as the starter culture type (kefir grains and commercial starter culture) on the viscoelastic properties of kefir samples was evaluated. The kefir samples were prepared from homogenized and pasteurized full fat bovine milk with or without the addition of SCN or WPC at 2% (w/w) concentration. According to the results, SCN increased the fermentation time of kefir samples when compared to control samples (samples without SCN or WPC addition), while WPC decreased it. The elasticity of the protein matrix was increased with SCN or WPC addition, however, the effect of SCN was more pronounced to than that of WPC. SCN contributed to the elasticity of the samples by the formation of strong as well as weak chemical bonds, while WPC participated to proteins interactions that were characterized as weak ones. The commercial starter culture resulted in lower fermentation time and increased viscoelastic properties of the kefir samples when compared to kefir grains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".