Paratransit Transport in Indonesia: Characteristics and User Perceptions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Paratransit, well known as Angkutan Kota (Angkot) in Indonesia, has been a major public transport mode in most developing countries. This mode offers public a frequent and flexible service, regulated via a micro cooperation, and operated freely by individuals. The study aims to elaborate the characteristics and user perceptions on the service attributes of Angkot. Data was collected from three Indonesian major metropolitan areas: Bandung, Jakarta, and Yogyakarta. Results show that Angkot has a specific market segment. Users experienced that the services received less than their expectation. Security in using the mode has been the priority concern for passengers in all three cities. Angkot shelters need to be improved, organized, and maintained properly to provide acceptable service to passengers. Size and economic development of a city may influence the level of service delivered by operators and/or perceived by respondents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".