T CELL PROLIFERATION AGAINST MYELIN, PANCREATIC, AND DIETARY ANTIGENS IN CHILDREN: AUTOIMMUNITY IS DETECTABLE EARLY IN CNS DEMYELINATION AND TYPE I DIABETES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: Adults with autoimmune disease have shown enhanced T cell proliferation against target organ and nutritional antigens. It is unknown whether this occurs early, or as a sequelae of chronic autoimmunity. Our objective is to evaluate T cell proliferative responses in children with CNS demyelination compared to healthy and disease controls. Methods: Peripheral mononuclear cells were freshly isolated from venous blood and analyzed for T cell stimulation indices to target, dietary, and control antigens. Results: We studied 166 children: 63 with CNS demyelination (26 Multiple Sclerosis, 37 CIS), 43 with type I diabetes, 31 with non-autoimmune neurological conditions, and 30 healthy children. T cell proliferation against myelin antigens was uncommon in healthy children (10%) compared to children with MS (50%, p=0.0023) or CIS (51%, p=0.0005). Pancreatic antigens were targeted by over 90% of children with diabetes, compared to only 14% of healthy controls (p<0.0001). T cell responses were not disease-specific as 79% of diabetics showed reactivity against myelin, and 30% of MS and 20% of CIS children reacted to proinsulin. Children with diabetes, but not MS or CIS, target pancreatic antigens, Tep69, GAD, GAD555. MS, CIS, and diabetic children show a prominent T cell response against milk antigens. Reactivity to BSA193 (a milk antigen capable of inducing murine autoimmune demyelination) was targeted by over 60% of the MS and CIS cohorts, rarely by healthy children, and not by children with diabetes. Reactivity to BSA150 (associated with murine insulitis) was detected in over 90% of diabetics, but was absent in MS, CIS, and healthy cohorts. Conclusion: Even at onset, children with autoimmune disease harbor T cells that proliferate against tissue-related antigens, and epitope-specific responses distinguish children with demyelination from diabetes. T cell responses against milk antigens raise the possibility that nutrition-directed immune reactivity may be associated with autoimmunity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".