Increased Mercury Loadings to Western Canadian Alpine Lakes over the Past 150 Years
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We reconstructed historical trends in mercury (Hg) accumulation over the past ∼ 150 years in nine western Canadian alpine lakes. Recent Hg accumulation rates (fluxes) ranged between ∼ 7 and 75 μg m(-2) yr(-1), which were an average of 1.8 times higher than preindustrial (i.e., pre-1850) fluxes. Increased Hg fluxes in these lakes were less than at lower elevation sites, showing that despite the potential for increased deposition, alpine lakes are no more susceptible to Hg accumulation. Unlike other studies, we found that geographic setting, changes in chlorophyll-inferred algal production, and climate were not significant predictors of [Hg] or Hg flux in lakes. Instead, our findings highlight how a combination of atmospheric deposition and site-specific processes, including organic matter supply and catchment weathering, better explain sequestration of Hg in alpine lakes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".