Intrinsic Properties of 40 nm-sized LiFePO4 Particles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
LiFePO4 particles of sizes in the range 35-45 nm have been prepared by jet-milling route. The bulk and surface properties have been investigated by a combination of XRD, TEM, FTIR, and magnetic measurements before and after the carbon coating of the particles intended to optimize the electrochemical performance of the powder used as a cathode element. The particles are crystallites free from impurity and defect, surrounded by a surface layer. Before carbon coating, the surface layer is highly disordered, inside which the iron ions are in the Fe3+ low spin (S=1/2) configuration. The disorder is found to have dramatic effects on the electrochemical properties as it stabilizes the solid solution inside the passivation layer. This disorder is strongly reduced by the carbon coating at 750 {degree sign}C, which switches the Fe3+ ions in the surface layer to the high spin (S=5/2) configuration, and restores the plateau of the voltage versus capacity. The results are discussed in the context of the controversy on the shrinking of the miscibility gap upon decreasing the size of the particles to the nanoscale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".