SHELLEY SANG-HEE LEEClaiming the Oriental Gateway: Prewar Seattle and Japanese America. (Asian American History and Culture.) Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 2011. Pp. xi, 256. $58.50
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shelley Sang‐Hee Lee argues that Seattle, and in particular its Japanese American residents, used the ideal of cosmopolitanism to frame the city as a zone of multiracial, multiethnic, and international encounters. A flexible discourse deployed by boosters to encourage transpacific trade, city officials to manage a diverse populace, and Japanese Americans to bolster their position in a racially hostile environment, cosmopolitanism envisioned Seattle as a modern, worldly metropolis perched upon the Pacific Rim where people of different races and nationalities could coexist, trade, and prosper. Seattle's claim to be the “gateway to the Orient”—in the pre–World War II era during which Japan was the most powerful and important nation of that region—often pivoted on Japanese Americans and their uneasy racial and national positionings. The 1909 Alaska‐Yukon‐Pacific Exposition (A‐Y‐P) showcased possibilities for Japanese commerce. Thousands of Seattleites, cheering and waving Japanese and American flags, greeted the arrival of the Japanese delegation, which disembarked from a steamship and drove through a torii (Japanese ceremonial gate) erected on the dock. Although the A‐Y‐P glossed over anti‐Japanese racism (the exclusionary Gentlemen's Agreement had been arrived at only two years earlier), local Japanese Americans sponsored parade floats and hosted receptions for Japanese dignitaries. In doing so, they hitched their fate to the exposition's cosmopolitanism, arguing that their Japaneseness should not exclude them but rather rendered them desirable citizens of Seattle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.072 | 0.022 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".