Modular Construction of Steel Plate Shear Walls for Low and Moderate Seismic Regions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Steel plate shear walls are generally considered to be economical only in high seismic regions, primarily because the high levels of ductility and resilience under cyclic loading have been demonstrated almost exclusively by tests on walls that contain expensive detailing at the beam-to-column connections. However, the lower demands on seismic load resisting systems in low and moderate seismic regions may permit the use of far more economical fabrication options. The use of modular construction methods is one option for reducing the costs associated with fabrication and erection. Modular components with repetitive fabrication processes can be produced in the shop and assembled in the field by bolts, eliminating the need for field welding entirely. This paper describes several potential modular options and discusses their advantages and disadvantages in terms of economics and constructability. The performance of one of these concepts (with different means of meeting capacity design requirements) is evaluated using detailed finite element models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".