Corticosteroid use impacts Mucosal Disease Activity in African Americans with Ulcerative Colitis
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
To identify predictors of clinical and mucosal disease activity in African Americans (AA) with ulcerative colitis (UC). Single-center, retrospective study. We reviewed records of 50 AA patients with UC who were seen at the outpatient clinic between 2000 and 2009. Demographic and clinical variables were examined using descriptive statistics. These included body mass index (BMI), gender, age at diagnosis and last observation; duration and extent of disease; surgery and smoking. We also documented history of significant corticosteroid use and other medications. Significant use of corticosteroids was defined as use of conventional corticosteroids for an average of more than 30 days per year from the beginning of observation to the end of observation. Each day of use after one month or three month therapy with a rectal steroid or oral budesonide was added to the sum of total days of corticosteroid use respectively. Clinical outcome was based on the average Montreal class of clinical severity of UC during the last year of observation. The corresponding mucosal outcome was based on the Mayo endoscopic subscore for UC during the same period. Bivariate analysis was completed using chi square or Fisher's exact test. Multivariable analysis was performed using step-wise logistic regression. Non-parametric correlation analysis between clinical and mucosal disease was also done. Level of significance was assessed at p < 0.05. Mean ages at diagnosis and last observation were 38 and 47 years respectively. Mean duration of disease was 11 years. Mean observation period was 4 years (range 1-9 years). Men and women were equally represented with 25 patients in each group. Mean BMI was 28 mg/kg2. Mean corticosteroid use per year was 60 days (range 0-365days) with a median of 10 days. Seventeen (34%) patients had a history of significance steroid use per year. Calculation of average clinical disease activity during last year of observation revealed that 23 (46%) patients were in remission, 15 (30%) had mild disease whereas 12 (24%) had moderate to severe disease. The corresponding last outpatient endoscopic evaluation revealed that 16 (36%) patients' disease was inactive, 14(32%) had mild mucosal disease and 14 (32%) patients had moderate to severe mucosal disease. Bivariate analysis revealed that significant use of corticosteroids during the year was associated with decreased mucosal disease score (P= 0.0313 OR 0.257 95%CI 0.075-0.885). When controlling for age, gender and duration of disease, we observed that this effect remained statistically significant (P= 0.0103 OR 0.156 95% CI 0.038-0.645). Non-parametric correlation between clinical and mucosal disease was positive and statistically significant (Correlation =0.3469 P= 0.0210). However, we did not observe any statistically significant effect of corticosteroid use or any other variable on clinical disease during the last year of observation in the bivariate analysis or when controlling for age, gender and duration of disease. Corticosteroid use is associated with decreased mucosal disease activity in AA patients with UC. One must be well aware of the deleterious effects of longterm use of corticosteroids on the different body systems before subjecting UC patients to a corticosteroid maintenance regimen.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it