Isolation and bioassay screening of fungal endophytes from North Atlantic marine macroalgae
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Endophytic fungi of marine macroalgae and the bioactive chemicals they produce have not been widely explored or documented. In this study, fungal endophytes were isolated from four species of brown, three species of red, and two species of green marine algae collected from the Shetland Islands, UK. Sixty-four distinct endophytes were isolated, 36 of which were identified to the genus or species level, with the highest diversity of isolable fungi being obtained from the green algae. Extracts of fungal tissue and spent nutrient broth were prepared from each isolate and screened for bioactivity. Antimicrobial and larvicidal assays revealed that the extracts from 24 endophytes showed antifungal activity, 25 displayed activity against Gram-positive bacteria, 20 showed activity against Gram-negative bacteria, and 11 showed larvicidal activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".