Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation Induced by Electric Fields
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heterogeneous ice nucleation is an important phenomenon in the physical environment influencing atmospheric and biological processes. Despite this relevance, the mechanism of heterogeneous ice nucleation is not understood at the microscopic level, and what exactly constitutes a good ice nucleus is an open question. Employing molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that an electric field, which acts very near a surface, can create an effective ice nucleus in models of supercooled liquid water. To serve as an ice nucleus, the field must polarize only a very thin water layer (∼10 Å), and the field strength required is realistic on the relevant length scale. Our results support the idea that local electric fields could play a major role in heterogeneous ice nucleation, particularly for the very rough particles with many surface structure variations, that serve as ice nuclei in environmentally realistic situations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it