Ciprofloxacin induced hormonal changes in the thyroid gland of rats and Anti-oxidant vitamin A, C and E as rescue agents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is a widely prescribed antimicrobial drug belonging to a class of drugs called quinolones.The first 1cyclopropyl theroquinolone ciprofloxacin was synthesized in 1983 (Wentland, 1990) and this drug was remarkable among the quinolones for its high activity.Currently, the most important benefit claimed for vitamins A, C and E is their role as antioxidants, which are scavengers of particles known as oxygen free radicals (or oxidants).According to Goldberg (2005) without sufficient vitamin A, thyroid gland cannot produce thyroxine.Vitamin A is a key nutrient to produce thyroxine (Gary Null, 2005), Vitamin C is necessary for tyrosine metabolism and it is quite a delicate balance (http://www.whatreallyworks.co.uk /start / fact sheets.asp?articl e ID = 410).Vitamin E works with iodine for proper thyroid function (Earl Mindell, 2005).Development of the thyroid gland is controlled by the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) secreted by the hypothalamus; TSH is also called thyrotropin (The Medicine Journal, 2000).The main function of the thyroid gland is to synthesis the iodothyronine, hormone 3, 5, 3 / , 5 / tetraiodothyronine (T 4 , thyroxine) and 3, 5, 3 / triiodothyronine (T 3 ).These are peptides containing iodine.The two most important hormones are T 3 and T 4 , and these hormones are essential for life and have many effects on body metabolizing growth and development (Thyroid foundation of Canada, 1999).NSAIDs produce abnormal thyroid functions and there by alter the synthesis, transport and metabolism o f thyroid hormones (Davis and Franklyn, 1991).They alter TSH response to TRH and thereby influence TSH release (Lim et al., 1995), and also compete for T 3 binding sites in serum and at the cell surface, which act as T 3 antagonists.Disturbances of the gastro intestinal tract are the most frequent side effects observed with fluoroquinolones and occur in about 5% of treated patients.Microsomal metabolism of ciprofloxacin generates free radicals.Free radicals formation might play a role in the mechanism of producing adverse effects.Microsomal metabolism of ciprofloxacin generates free radicals.Free radicals formation might play a role in the mechanism of producing adverse effects.Ciprofloxacin is a potent inhibitor of the thyroid hormone regulated P 450 enzyme system in the liver since ciprofloxacin and enoxacin have shown the greatest inhibitory capacity (Clinical Toxicology Review, 1997). I.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".