High-Yield, Single-Step Separation of Metallic and Semiconducting SWCNTs Using Block Copolymers at Low Temperatures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electronic type separation of SWCNT material is necessary to facilitate the development of carbon nanotube electronics. A convenient, high-yield, single-step separation of metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs has been developed using block copolymers and density gradient ultracentrifugation. In particular by varying the centrifugation temperature and dissolved oxygen content under acidic conditions, extraction efficiencies of up to 65% were achieved with both metallic and semiconducting SWCNT electronic purity exceeding 99% as determined by absorption spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that lowering the temperature during the DGU separation, which is expected to increase the difference in densities between metallic and semiconducting nanotube complexes, results in higher purity and yield. Semiconducting and metallic bands are separated simply with a disposable pipet such that specialized fractioning equipment is not required for effective isolation of enriched SWCNTs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".