'Freedom, Faction, Fame and Blood': British Soldiers of Conscience in Greece, Spain and Finland, by Elizabeth Roberts * The Truth about Spain: Mobilizing British Public Opinion, 1936-1939, by Hugo Garcia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Until the Second World War it was by no means uncommon for Britons to volunteer to fight in foreign conflicts, and the experiences of volunteer soldiers in Greece (in the 1820s), Spain (1936–9) and Finland (1940) form the basis for Elizabeth Roberts’s book. These were, in her phrase, ‘soldiers of conscience’ who chose to participate—often in defiance of their own governments and the Foreign Enlistment Act—for essentially political reasons. While the theme is an interesting one, her decision to focus exclusively on these three conflicts is open to criticism. Few would cavil at her choice of Greece and Spain. After all, these wars may have been separated by more than a century but there are obvious similarities in the way in which the foreign interventions were both conceived and remembered. Eric Hobsbawm, for instance, asserted in The Age of Empire (1962) that the Greek cause ‘played a part in rallying...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".