Chemical and Morphological Changes of Li–O<sub>2</sub> Battery Electrodes upon Cycling
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report considerable chemical and morphological changes of reaction products in binder-free, vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) electrodes during Li–O 2 battery cycling with a 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME)-based electrolyte. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) of discharged oxygen electrodes shows direct evidence for the formation of Li 2 CO 3 -like species at the interface between VACNTs and Li 2 O 2 but not significantly on the Li 2 O 2 surfaces exposed to the electrolyte. Although Li 2 O 2 and Li 2 CO 3 -like species were largely removed upon first charge, the oxidation kinetics became increasingly difficult during Li–O 2 cycling, which is accompanied by the accumulation of Li 2 CO 3 in the discharged and charged electrodes as evidenced by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Together, these results indicate that the irreversibility during Li–O 2 cycling in DME can be attributed largely to the growth of Li 2 CO 3 -like species associated with the reactivity between carbon and Li 2 O 2 or other reaction intermediates.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it