Diversity of nematomorph and cohabiting nematode parasites in riparian ecosystems around the Kii Peninsula, Japan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nematomorph parasites manipulate terrestrial invertebrate hosts to seek out and enter streams, thereby deriving substantial energy subsidies to stream salmonids. Despite this potential ecological role of nematomorphs, knowledge of their diversity remains unclear. Using molecular (i.e., 18S rRNA and mitochondrial COI genes) and morphological approaches, we explored the species diversity of suspected nematomorph specimens, as well as their terrestrial orthopteran hosts, in 10 stream and riparian ecosystems around the Kii Peninsula, central Honshu, Japan. We distinguished seven species of nematomorphs belonging to three genera based on molecular and morphological data. The identifications by the two approaches were consistent with each other at the genus level but partly not at the species level. Furthermore, among the suspected nematomorph specimens, eight nematode species belonging to the orders Mermithida and Trichocephalida were found from two sites. Several orthopterans, mainly camel crickets, were infected by nematomorphs and by a nematode without obvious species specificity. These results suggest that diverse parasites and their orthopteran hosts drive the parasite-mediated energy flow across the stream and riparian ecosystems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".